There are many different categories and types of grounding principles. This course covers proper grounding techniques for not only medium and high voltage systems but also low voltage Instrument and Control Systems (IACS) that have been proven safe and reliable when employed in process control facilities.

By the end of this course, the attendees will:

• Grounding systems objectives and configurations
• Hazards due to improper grounding system including touch and step potentials
• Step-by-step procedure for the establishment of grounding system in substations
• Power quality issues and the associated mitigation techniques
• Ground Faults and Related Protection Techniques
• Grounding protection methods
• Understand Classification Of Various Grounding Standards. Codes And Rules
• Be able to comply with Specifications
• Petrochemical Storage Tanks Grounding
• Vessels Grounding
• Cabinet Ground Connectios
• Explosion Protection grounding
• Floating, Semi=submersible & Sea Floor Structures Grounding
• External & Internal Lightning Protection
• Field Transmitter Grounding
• Grounding for Static Electricity Protection

This course is suitable for Electrical Engineers / Technicians,

Day-1

 Need for Grounding Systems 

• Electric Fault
• Consequences of Fault
• Arc Flash Boundary
• Types of Fault
• Protective Personal Equipment (PPE)
• Grounding Fundamentals
• Bonding
• Ground Electrodes
• Grounding of Electrical Substations
• Elimination of Static Charges by appropriate Grounding
• Impact of Lightning on Power Systems
• Surge Protection
• Noise Mitigation
• Lightning Strike
• Effect of Lightning on Power Lines
• Lightning Protection Methods
• Formation of Static Charges
• Hazards associated with Static Charge Build-up
• Spark Energy and Ignition Capability
• Assessment & Control of Static Charge

Day-2

Types of Grounding Systems

• Ungrounded Systems
• Solidly Grounded Systems
• Resistance Grounding using NER
• Impedance Grounding using Neutral Reactor
• Shock Hazard
• Grounding of Equipment
• Protective Devices
• Thermal Capability
• Touch Potential
• Step Potential
• Induced Voltage Mitigation
• EMI Suppression
• Metal Enclosure for Grounding Conductors
• Surge Protection via Grounding Connections
• Earth Fault Protection Sensitivity
• TN Systems
• TN-C System
• TN-S System
• TN-C-S System
• TT System

Day-3

  Grounding Systems Studies

• Soil Resistance
• Soil Resistivity Measurement Techniques & Interpretations
• Resistance of Dingle Rod Electrode
• Use of Multiple Ground Electrodes (earthing rods) in Parallel
• Current carrying capacity of Ground Electrodes
• Measurement of Ground Electrode Resistance
• Chemical Electrodes and Corrosion Problems
• Approach to Grounding System Design
• Ground Fault Current
• Grounding of HV Substations

• Grounding of MV & LV Installations
• Grounding Grid for HV Outdoor Substation
• Soil Resistivity Calculations using Multi-layer Models
• Transferred Voltage
• Design considerations for Effective Substation Grounding
• Lightning Strike Probability & Incidence
• Lightning Risk Assessment

Day-4

Lightning Protection & Noise Mitigation

• Impacts of Lightning impacts on Power Lines
• Principles of Lightning Protection
• Power Systems Surges and their Impacts
• Equipotential Bonding
• Principles of Surge Protection
• Selection of Lightning / Surge Arrestor
• Electrical Noise and its Impacts
• Noise Categories
• Noise Disturbance on Distribution Systems and Data Cables
• Ground Loop as a Source of Noise
• Electrostatic / Capacitive Coupling
• Shielded Isolation Transformer
• Ground Loop Mitigation
• Power System Harmonics and their Impacts
• UPS Configurations

Day-5

Ground Faults and Related Protection Techniques

• Circuit Breaker Protection
• Fuse Protection
• Relay Protection
• Protection Criteria
• Sequence Networks
• Per Unit System
• Measuring Transformers (CT and VT)
• Overcurrent Protection
• Earth Fault Protection
• IDMT O/C & E/F Protection
• Transformer O/C and E/F Protection

Rectus attendance certificate will be issued to all attendees completing minimum of 80% of the total course duration.