This course is designed to enable participants to:

• The sources of fault current
• How to prepare a system for fault analysis
• The effect of different types of load on the level of fault current
• The effect of different types of fault and how they are catered for in the analysis
• The effect of different types of earthing on the fault level
• The use of computer programs in determining system faults
• The effect of fault level on switchgear rating
• The effect of voltage regulators

Managers, Engineers and Technicians responsible for the specification, commissioning and operation of electrical equipment in a power system, particularly those involved with specifying and commissioning protection gear. It is also suitable for those operating in power networks who require to update or refresh their knowledge and skills.

This interactive Training will be highly interactive, with opportunities to advance your opinions and ideas and will include:
• Lectures
• Workshop & Work Presentation
• Case Studies and Exercise
• Videos and General Discussions

Participants are encouraged to bring laptop computers

Introductions

Goals - discussion

Introduction to fault analysis

• Source of fault current
• Fault statistics
• Basic assumptions
• Short-circuit rating of equipment
• Selecting the correct switchgear rating for fault duties

Calculation Preliminaries

• Overview of per-unit system
• One-line diagrams
• Sources of impedance data for all items of plant
• Tutorial to demonstrate preparation of a system for study

Closing discussion

Goals - discussion

Three-phase short-circuit currents

• Manual calculation of three-phase short-circuit current
• Circuit reduction techniques
• Industrial systems
• Electricity supply systems
• Tutorial - based on attendees plant
• Cables subjected to short-circuit currents
• Compliance with regulations

Closing discussion

Goals - discussion

Unsymmetrical fault conditions

• Overview of symmetrical components
• Consideration of various fault types
• Sequence networks
• Consideration of phase shift in two-winding transformers
• Consideration of earth impedance
• Consideration of three-winding transformers

Closing discussion

Goals - discussion

Representation of unsymmetrical faults in power systems

• Fault diagrams
• Interconnected sequence networks
• Special considerations with reference to limitation of earth fault current
• Demonstration examples based on industrial power systems

Closing discussion

Goals - discussion

Computer calculation of fault currents

• Introduction to program
• Use of program in practical studies (checking manual calculations)
• Use of transient program to derive fault-current decrement
• Application to switchgear rating
• participants are encouraged to bring laptop computers

Introductions

Goals - discussion

INTRODUCTION TO FAULT ANALYSIS

• Source of fault current
• Fault statistics
• Basic assumptions
• Short-circuit rating of equipment
• Selecting the correct switchgear rating for fault duties

Calculation Preliminaries

• Overview of per-unit system
• One-line diagrams
• Sources of impedance data for all items of plant
• Tutorial to demonstrate preparation of a system for study

Closing discussion

Goals - discussion

Three-phase short-circuit currents

• Manual calculation of three-phase short-circuit current
• Circuit reduction techniques
• Industrial systems
• Electricity supply systems
• Tutorial - based on attendees plant
• Cables subjected to short-circuit currents
• Compliance with regulations

Closing discussion

Goals - discussion

Unsymmetrical fault conditions

• Overview of symmetrical components
• Consideration of various fault types
• Sequence networks
• Consideration of phase shift in two-winding transformers
• Consideration of earth impedance
• Consideration of three-winding transformers

Closing discussion

Goals - discussion

Representation of unsymmetrical faults in power systems

• Fault diagrams
• Interconnected sequence networks
• Special considerations with reference to limitation of earth fault current
• Demonstration examples based on industrial power systems

Closing discussion

Goals - discussion

Computer calculation of fault currents

• Introduction to program
• Use of program in practical studies (checking manual calculations)
• Use of transient program to derive fault-current decrement
• Application to switchgear rating
• Effect of voltage regulators
• (The program will be made available to attendees for private study)

Effect of voltage regulators

• (The program will be made available to attendees for private study)

RECTUS attendance certificate will be issued to all attendees completing minimum of 80% of the total course duration